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Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these systems give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid. For instance, liquid hydrogen is expensive, results in considerable fuel loss due to hydrogen evaporation and creates substantial engineering problems. In addition, the liquefaction process requires significant energy input, up to 60% of the hydrogen' s energy content. Current research is on some of the limitations of j liquid hydrogen. One particular area of study is directed at efficient insulation of storage tanks to reduce hydrogen losses. Generally, liquid hydrogen is stored in vacuum jacketed, multilayer insulated tanks. For instance, automobiles converted to operate on liquid hydrogen have utilized storage tanks with an inner and outer aluminum shell.
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The thermal insulation is provided by twenty-five layers of aluminum foil separated by glass fabric and twenty-five layers of aluminized mylar.The multilayer insulations is evacuated and contains absorbent. The use of liquid hydrogen as a fuel for larger turbine engines which operate aircraft and marine vessels has also been proposed. (64)While some experimental hydrogen powered aircraft have made it from the drawing board to the airways, economical and technical difficulties have prevented many designs from reaching practical development.lt may in fact turn out, as some experts have suggested, that the use of liquid hydrogen, particularly for automobile use, is simply technically unrealistic only time will provide the answer.
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The solution to the hydrogen storage problem, in automobiles at least, may well be interstitial metallic hydrides (Sit%9).Hydrogen, being a small molecule, may be absorbed into the holes in the crystal lattice (111 $J )of metals in much the same way as a sponge absorbs water. By adjusting the temperature and/or pressure of the metal hydride,Cartier watch boxes, the absorbed hydrogen may be readily discharged at a suitable combustion rate to fuel an engine.
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